Regarding the communicative action in Habermas, consider the following statements.

I. Manipulating opinions prevents consensus by using interlocutors as means and disregarding human beings as ends in themselves.

II. The validity of what is consensually decided is based on negotiation in which interlocutors reciprocally instrumentalize themselves for particular interests.

III. As a rule of discourse seeking understanding, interlocutors who are in some way affected by the norm in question should be excluded.

IV. The emancipatory project of individuals is built from dialogue and argumentation that values mutual understanding.

Choose the correct alternative.